Free Essays on Smoking

Here’s a problem. January 1st marked the start of the Nova Scotia version of the popular smoking ban. It is now illegal to smoke in any public place before 9:00 p.m. Restaurants and bars are responsible for policing the law: they must build enclosed smoking rooms, or ban evening smoking altogether. This is being done for the sole purpose of protecting the helpless serving staff, who are indentured to their employers, and are powerless to control the conditions of their employment. The government must act to protect them from the effects of second hand smoke, a known carcinogen. For their part, the serving staff are also generally against the smoking ban, because they fear for the viability of their places of work, and the potential drop in tipping customers. Restaurant and bar owners are up in arms, citing the potential loss of business, or the expense of adding dedicated smoking rooms, usually estimated to be between $10-25 large. The forecast is for most places to go the non-smoking route. (I say forecast because the city hasn’t started enforcing the law yet. There’s a grace period of a few months first. Also, the opposition Liberal party of Nova Scotia is vowing to ban smoking altogether if they win the next provincial election. Given the uncertainty, some restauranteurs don’t know whether to shit or wind their watches.) Given the uncertainty, some restauranteurs don’t know whether to shit or wind their watches. On the surface, this appears a reasonable compromise. Hard drinking, social smokers can puff away well into the morning, staff pursuing big tips can choose to serve them, employees preferring a smoke-free environment can work the day shift, and moderate non-smokers can stop in at the tavern on a Tuesday afternoon and come out smelling of only hops and barley. Sounds reasonable. I’m totally for it. And that’s the problem. I can’t reconcile the positive benefits I look to enjoy with the interventionist... Free Essays on Smoking Free Essays on Smoking Le tabagisme est tr ¨Ã‚ ¥s mauvaise pour la sant ¨Ã‚ ¥ mais beaucoup de gens choissisent  ¨Ã‚ ¤ fumer. Pourquoi commencent  ¨C t ¡Ã‚ ¯ils? Normalement les enfants sont influ ¨Ã‚ ¥ par les adultes qui fument et commencent parce-qu ¡Ã‚ ¯ils pensent que c ¡Ã‚ ¯est plus adulte, car cela a une image  ¡Ã‚ ®cool ¡Ã‚ ¯, parce-qu ¡Ã‚ ¯ils s ¡Ã‚ ¯enuient, pour faire comme les autres, parce-que c ¡Ã‚ ¯est interdit, et  ¨Ã‚ ¤ garder la ligne. Un autre raison aussi est que ils pensent que l ¡Ã‚ ¯aide dans la vie car les cigarettes tranquille les nerves. Mais je crois il y a autres m ¨Ã‚ ¥thodes pour faire relachement, par exemple  ¨Ã‚ ¥couter la musique tranquille. Methodes que ne cause pas de nombreux cancer, par example le cancer des poumons ou la cancer de la gorge! Les cigarettes coutent cheret laisse un odeur tr ¨Ã‚ ¥s mauvaise sur le fumeur. Il y a beaucoup de raisson contre le tabagisme, alors pourquoi est il y a beaucoup de fumeurs? La plupart d ¡Ã‚ ¯eux savent les risques de fumer mais quand meme encore  ¨Ã‚ ¤ fumer car ils sont accro. C ¡Ã‚ ¯est la nicotine dans la cigarette que rend accro. Mais c ¡Ã‚ ¯est possible  ¨Ã‚ ¤ arreter de fumer avec beaucoup de volont ¨Ã‚ ¥ at aussi Il y a methods medicales. Par contre je pense-que fumer est un choix individual, c ¡Ã‚ ¯est leur vie, mais les fumeurs doivent respecter les non-fumeurs car ils polluer l ¡Ã‚ ¯air quand ils fument. Il y a une loi anti-tabac que  ¨Ã‚ ¥t ¨Ã‚ ¥ cr ¨Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ¨Ã‚ ¥e pour proteger les droit des nonfumeurs et aussi pour reduir la consommation de cigarettes dans les lieux publics. Ce disons que il est interdit en France de fumer dans les lieux publics et pour les restaurants et cetera ils doient avoir des espaces  ¡Ã‚ ®fumeurs ¡Ã‚ ¯ et  ¡Ã‚ ®non-fumeurs ¡Ã‚ ¯. Elle permet aux non-fumeurs d ¡Ã‚ ¯avoir le droit l ¨Ã‚ ¥gal de repirer de l ¡Ã‚ ¯air pur, mais c ¡Ã‚ ¯est tres difficile  ¨Ã‚ ¤ reguler.... Free Essays on Smoking In reading the articles, â€Å"Make fast food smoke free† from USA Today and â€Å"Don’t overact to smoke† by Brennan M. Dawson I realized that both articles were making arguments about the same subject, â€Å"smoking in fast food restaurants†, but the USA Today article argued that smoking should not be allowed what so ever in these public restaurants and Dawson’s article argued that the cigarette smoke in the smoking sections of these restaurants do not cause harm to individual and therefore should be allowed. The USA Today article was clearly a stronger argument than Dawson’s article. The conclusion of the USA Today newspaper article was â€Å"Other restaurants, and not just the fast food places, should fall in line with barring smoking†. The writer of this article gave several different strong reasons for why smoking should be banned from the restaurants. First being that a quarter of the customers and forty percent of the employees are under the age of 18. Also second hand smoke is a carcinogen and it is blamed for killing and estimated 44,ooo people a year. Third, He stated that the the Environmental Protection Agency estimates that second hand smoke causes up to 1 million asthma attacks and 300,000 respiratory infections that lead to 15,000 hospitalizations among children every year. The writer of the article also supports his conclusion by stating that all restaurants should protect their workers and customers and that if they don’t government should step in. In Dawson’s â€Å"Don’t overreact to smoke† article his argument made sense to me but not strongly supported. His conclusion is that â€Å"with non-smoking sections available and visits brief, there shouldn’t be any problem with allowing the smoking sections affecting other patron’s health. This conclusion has absolutely no support in the article. He states that â€Å"Anyone knowledgeable† would tell you that a whiff of the smoke is not likely to drift to th... Free Essays on Smoking Here’s a problem. January 1st marked the start of the Nova Scotia version of the popular smoking ban. It is now illegal to smoke in any public place before 9:00 p.m. Restaurants and bars are responsible for policing the law: they must build enclosed smoking rooms, or ban evening smoking altogether. This is being done for the sole purpose of protecting the helpless serving staff, who are indentured to their employers, and are powerless to control the conditions of their employment. The government must act to protect them from the effects of second hand smoke, a known carcinogen. For their part, the serving staff are also generally against the smoking ban, because they fear for the viability of their places of work, and the potential drop in tipping customers. Restaurant and bar owners are up in arms, citing the potential loss of business, or the expense of adding dedicated smoking rooms, usually estimated to be between $10-25 large. The forecast is for most places to go the non-smoking route. (I say forecast because the city hasn’t started enforcing the law yet. There’s a grace period of a few months first. Also, the opposition Liberal party of Nova Scotia is vowing to ban smoking altogether if they win the next provincial election. Given the uncertainty, some restauranteurs don’t know whether to shit or wind their watches.) Given the uncertainty, some restauranteurs don’t know whether to shit or wind their watches. On the surface, this appears a reasonable compromise. Hard drinking, social smokers can puff away well into the morning, staff pursuing big tips can choose to serve them, employees preferring a smoke-free environment can work the day shift, and moderate non-smokers can stop in at the tavern on a Tuesday afternoon and come out smelling of only hops and barley. Sounds reasonable. I’m totally for it. And that’s the problem. I can’t reconcile the positive benefits I look to enjoy with the interventionist... Free Essays on Smoking Smoking People who smoke are risking many different types off ill diseases. Many people who smoke don’t know the effects that they are causing to their body. Smoking is a disgusting habit, and people need to stop. I am going to show you why people in general need to stop smoking cigarettes. First of all, smoking pollutes the air around you. This makes it a very uncomfortable atmosphere for the non-smokers around. I know this from personal experience. Pretty much all my friends smoke. I do not smoke, but I take in so much second hand smoke that my lungs are just as bad as a smokers. Clearly, smoking is a very disgusting habit. After one has been smoking for a few years, his/her teeth start to turn yellow, skin begins to tarnish, and appearance begins to look worse. For example, my girlfriend smokes cigarettes and after she smokes she will always go to kiss me just to make me mad because her mouth tastes like and ashtray. It is so nasty. Next, smoking causes many diseases. Lung cancer, cancer of the larynx, cancer of the mouth, esophagus, and pancreas are just a few of the many different cancers that smoking causes. These days, many young people start smoking very early in their life. Mostly because they think that they look cool doing it in front of other people. This will soon lead to addiction. Once they are addicted they will gradually damage their body throughout their lives. Smoking hurts young people’s ability to perform physical activities. The resting heart rates of young adult smokers are two to three beats per minute faster than nonsmokers. This means that a smoker’s heart is working twice as hard as a nonsmoker. Just think how much longer you will live, if you don’t smoke. My mother is a smoker. She has been smoking for over 20 years now. I asked her why she doesn’t try to quit. She told me that she is addicted and it would be too hard to even try to quit. She said that is ...

20 Obscure Rhetorical Terms and Figures of Speech

20 Obscure Rhetorical Terms and Figures of Speech You probably know many figures of speech, such terms as metaphor and metonymy, irony and understatement- all the rhetorical terms that you probably learned in school. But what about some of the less familiar figures and tropes? There are hundreds of them, after all.  And while we may not recognize their names, we use and hear a good number of these devices every day. So lets take a look at 20 uncommon words (most of them Latin or Greek) for some fairly common rhetorical strategies. Accismus  - Coyness; a form of irony in which a person feigns a lack of interest in something that he or she actually desires.Anadiplosis  - Repetition of the last word of one line or clause to begin the next.Apophasis  - Emphasizing a point by seeming to pass over it- that is, mentioning something while disclaiming any intention of mentioning it.Aposiopesis  - An unfinished thought or broken sentence.Bdelygmia  - A litany of abuse- a series of critical epithets, descriptions, or attributes.Boosting  - An adverbial construction used to support a claim or express a viewpoint more assertively and convincingly.Chleuasmos - A sarcastic reply that mocks an opponent, leaving him or her without an answer.Dehortatio  -  Dissuasive advice given with authority.Diatyposis  - Recommending useful precepts or advice to someone else.Epexegesis  - Adding words or phrases to further clarify or specify a statement already made.Epimone  - Frequent repetition of a phrase or questio n; dwelling on a point.Epizeuxis  - Repetition of a word or phrase for emphasis (usually with no words in between). Hypocrisis  - Exaggerating the gestures or speech habits of another in order to mock him.Paronomasia  -  Punning, playing with words.Prolepsis  - ​A figurative device by which a future event is presumed to have already occurred.Skotison  - Intentionally obscure speech or writing, designed to confuse an audience rather than clarify an issue.Synathroesmus  - The piling up of adjectives, often in the spirit of invective.Tapinosis  - Name calling; undignified language that debases a person or thing.Tetracolon Climax  - A series of four members, usually in parallel form.Zeugma  - Use of a word to modify or govern two or more words although its use may be grammatically or logically correct with only one.

The Mountain Pine Beetle Infestation in Robson Provincial Park Research Paper

The Mountain Pine Beetle Infestation in Robson Provincial Park - Research Paper Example Beetle infestation is in abundance in low height lodgepole pine forests of the SBS bio-geo-climatic zone. The issue of pine beetle infestation is interrelated with seral-stage distribution and fire risks, which have been discussed while recommending management policy on Robson Park’s mountain pine beetle infestation. Treatment options have been suggested for single tree fall and burn, prescribed burning and selective tree removal, considering the overall ecosystem and environment at the heart of every decision to be taken and reviewed, and if needed, changed annually for the policy management of Robson Park mountain pine beetle infestation spanning a period of 10 years. Mount Robson Provincial Park is located in east-central British Columbia, just west of the British Columbia / Alberta border and Jasper National Park. It has been facing the problem of Mountain Pine Beetle Infestation for a long time. BC Parks centrally manages all fourteen parks that come under its management. To write a specific policy on mountain pine beetle infestation for Robson Provincial Park, it is crucial and mandatory to know what has been done by BC Parks in policy formulation on vegetation management and tree removal policy for all parks under its management. For this, we need to review the contexts and purposes that make vegetation management crucial for the parks so that any specific policy for Robson Provincial Park fits into overall conservation management policy framework of BC Parks. Vegetation management includes fire management, insect & disease management, vegetation restoration, and plant collection. It is significant to note that BC Parks has addressed all vegetation management issues by following the long-term ecosystem saving concerns.  Ã‚  

Article # 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Article # 1 - Essay Example There has been a need by health care providers to eliminate duplication, reduce hospitalizations and improve coordination; this has also played a role in escalating cost of financing health care operations. Introduction of point-of-care management case has been crucial in lowering the operational cost in health care facilities as there are few hospital readmissions. Anna (2012) indicates that the strategy has given solid return on investments. Health care providers with strong market heft can negotiate better on high physician services, unlike independent doctors. Despite efforts to conserve energy, there is still a high rate of energy consumption by health care providers, this leads to escalating operational cost because energy is a necessity in the provision of health care (Anna, 2012). Making a personal opinion, the health care facilities will cut down their operational cost by changing their business model to accommodate the changes in technology and the high patient rate. On a rather positive note, there has been a downwards forecast on the spending of Medicare, and this trend will continue for life sciences. Health care operations costs have been on the hike rating the increase at about 50 percent. Partnering by the health care providers would help lower costs and the quality of services (Anna,

Food is culture Essay Example for Free

Food is culture Essay According to the Executive Director of the Washington International Center, Robert Kohls (1984), â€Å"the different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions, and values of that particular group. † This legendary statement that was uttered more than two decades ago was intended to explain American values and to compare these values with those that belong to other cultures. But, as time went by, Khols insightful perception about culture has taken on international meaning and it was one of the fundamental concepts espoused by Montanari in his book entitled â€Å"Food is Culture. † Using historical reference to Hoppocrates, Montanari insisted that food has never been associated with nature and this contradicts the general idea advertised by people who campaign for organic foods. Montanari explains that food is the result of the efforts of a society to tame, transform, and interpret nature. This view can be supported by two related observations. First, societies all over the world encounter different environments. That is, societies in the Pacific region may find tropical climates whereas societies in the Mediterranean region have temperate climates. The differences in weather, together with the differences in geography, lead to the different ways that the members of the society learned to deal with their varied environments. Thus, the second observation is that the different societies have produced their own unique food and food culture. For example, Italian food reminds people of spaghetti, tiramisu, and other pasta dishes. Asian food, on the other hand, brings to mind bowls of rice. Kohls’ perception, when combined with Montanari’s view about the relationship of food and culture, evolves into something different then. That the different values of a people or a culture are revealed and understood when seen through the food culture of that particular group. Feedback from a reader: At first, it would take some stretch of imagination to associate food with culture. There are two major reasons for this difficulty. First, people eat food in order to survive and perhaps live a relatively healthy life. The desire to live and survive is so fundamental that all peoples possess this particular desire. And if all peoples and culture uphold this desire to live, then eating food is very common that it cannot be directly related to the uniqueness of culture. And second, food is almost always taken from nature. This means that food is obtained from farms and from forests. â€Å"Farm† and â€Å"forest† are two concepts that are associated with things natural. Food, therefore, is a natural resource. And despite the fact that most people in America consume processed food, food is definitely associated with nature. However, using a more critical thinking and a wider observation of the world, the statement that food is culture begins to make some sense. The values of a culture can be reflected in the kinds of food that people eat and the ways that people eat their food. For example, the Japanese culture carries out a tea ceremony, specializes in sushi, and usually serves food in small bite sizes. All these reflect the fact that the Japanese culture gives great importance to tradition. Thus, when Japanese encounters a problem, he turns to the knowledge of his ancestors for guidance. The typical American, on the other hand, rarely imitates the actions of his ancestors. When he encounters a problem, he tends to find help by himself and establishes some measure of control on his problem. The way that Americans value individuality and personal control over their environment can be seen in the way they wanted their food to be served individually. The Americans also wanted their foods to be served fast and this preference echoes the values of practicality and efficiency. Therefore, as a reader of Montanari’s ideas about the relationship of food and culture, I am convinced that food culture does reflect the values upheld by a society. Bibliography Kohls, R. (1984). The values Americans live by. Retrieved September 18, 2007 at http://omni. cc. purdue. edu/~corax/kohlsamericanvalues. html Montanari, M. (2006). â€Å"Introduction. † Food is Culture. A. Sonnenfeld (trans. ). New York: Columbia University Press.

Emily Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop For Death Essay -- Because

Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† is a remarkable masterpiece that exercises thought between the known and the unknown. Critics call Emily Dickinson’s poem a masterpiece with strange â€Å"haunting power.† In Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death,† there is much impression in the tone, in symbols, and in the use of imagery that exudes creativity. One might undoubtedly agree to an eerie, haunting, if not frightening, tone in Dickinson’s poem. Dickinson uses controlling adjectives—â€Å"slowly† and â€Å"passed†Ã¢â‚¬â€to create a tone that seems rather placid. For example, â€Å"We slowly drove—He knew no haste / †¦We passed the School †¦ / We passed the Setting Sun—,† sets a slow, quiet, calm, and dreamy atmosphere (5, 9, 11, 12). â€Å"One thing that impresses us,† one author wrote, â€Å"is the remarkable placidity, or composure, of its tone† (Greenberg 128). The tone in Dickinson’s poem will put its readers’ ideas on a unifying track heading towards a boggling atmosphere. Dickinson’s masterpiece lives on complex ideas that are evoked through symbols, which carry her readers through her poem. Besides the literal significance of —the â€Å"School,† â€Å"Gazing Grain,† â€Å"Setting Sun,† and the â€Å"Ring†Ã¢â‚¬â€much is gathered to complete the poem’s central idea. Emily brought to light the mysteriousness of life’s cycle. Ungraspable to many, the cycle of one’s life, as symbolized by Dickinson, has three stages and then a final stage of eternity. These three stages are recognized by Mary N. ...

Moral Ambiguity in Heart of Darkness Essay

In _Heart of Darkness_, by Joseph Conrad, the character Marlow, through his actions and experiences, shows himself to be morally ambiguous in that he goes on the European’s malevolent expedition to Africa yet he seems to despise the events he sees there and in that he performs both noble and ignoble deeds. These experiences and actions drive Conrad’s theme of European influence and colonialism corrupting, in this case, Africa. Marlow is a sailor who is traveling through Africa on a steam boat and who works for a company that is attempting to gain riches for Europe. His moral ambiguity is shown by the fact that he is participating in this heinous expedition yet, at the same time, he seems to despise it. Marlow, as he sailed along the coast, saw â€Å"a man-of-war anchored off the coast†¦shelling the bush†¦There was a touch of insanity in the proceeding†¦ [which] was not dissipated by somebody on board assuring me earnestly there was a camp of natives â₠¬â€œ he called them enemies! – hidden out of sight somewhere.† (pg.18 ). Marlow’s word choice depicts the corrupting influence of Europe because it speaks of how he saw a man-of-war, a French ship, attack natives who were, in his opinion, unjustly called enemies. What truly shows this to be a corrupting influence, however, is his use of the word â€Å"insanity† to describe the event; insanity here is meant to show that this event, caused by Europeans, is unnatural to Africa and disrupts its calm. Next, Marlow spoke of other Europeans who came to Africa such as the â€Å"devoted band†¦called†¦the Eldorado Exploring Expedition†¦ To tear treasure out of the bowels of the land was their desire†¦with no†¦moral purpose at the back of it† (pg. 42). The Eldorado Expedition, as Marlow saw it, was the typical devoted European band which he felt was nothing but a bunch of dirty thieves -with no regard for the greater good- who, through their actions, would desecrate Africa by ripping away its riches. Finally, Marlow, as he was walking with Kurtz’s admirer, saw â€Å"heads on stakes†¦They showed that Kurtz lacked restraint in the gratification of his various lusts.† (pg. 81). Kurtz is a European who was sent by the company to get the treasures of Africa for Europe and to colonize it, but, when Marlow sees what Kurtz does he says that Kurtz is  unable to restrain his lust. This, in and of itself, may seem unimportant, but, it infers that all the Europeans going to Africa are driven by lust and the main function of lust is traditionally corruption, hence, the Europeans going to Africa will do nothing but corrupt it. In addition to utilizing Marlow’s experience, Joseph Conrad utilizes Marlow’s conflicting actions in order, not only to reinforce Marlow’s moral ambiguity, but to further depict the corrupting influence of Europe on Africa. The first thing the Conrad did was have Marlow take â€Å"the pose of a Buddha preaching in European clothes and without a lotus-flower† (pg. 8 ) Here Marlow acts like Buddha, a symbol of someone who is enlightened and good, which makes it clear that everything Marlow says is true and that his ul timate opinion, that being that Europe corrupts, is an absolute truth. Next Marlow empathetically said, â€Å"‘Nevertheless I think Mr. Kurtz is a remarkable man'† (pg. 88 ) Marlow’s action appears to contrast with the perfection given to him by his earlier Buddha pose because he is supporting and admiring Kurtz, the person who took his lust to the extreme and the person who represents the ultimate level of European corruption. Marlow, however, must be right about Kurtz’s remarkable nature in some way because he is portrayed as Buddha though, contrary to what one might think at the beginning of the book, this portrayal does not portend moral perfection on Marlow’s part as shown later in the book. The only way in which Kurtz is remarkable is in his excessive level of lust; hence, Marlow’s statement implies that Europe is a ceaselessly corrupting influence, varying only in the degree of corruption from person to person. Finally, Marlow, when observing Kurtz’s wife, sees, â€Å"the faith that [is] in herâ₠¬ ¦that great saving illusion [shining] with an unearthly glow in the†¦triumphant darkness† (pg 107). Marlow’s observation shows that in a world of corruption and darkness, the European world, Kurtz’s wife deludes herself by creating a world of light and good in her own mind, this fact is necessary in order to understand the importance of the exchange following this observation. The exchange between Marlow and Kurtz’s wife begins with Marlow unwisely saying, â€Å"I heard his very last words† (pg. 109) leading to Kurtz’s wife asking him to â€Å"‘Repeat them’†¦in a heart broken tone'† (pg. 109) and, although Kurtz’s true last words were â€Å"‘The horror! the horror!'† (pg. 109) Marlow told her that, â€Å"‘The last word he pronounced was – your name'† (pg. 109). The importance of this conversation is that it shows the reality  of Kurtz’s vision, that being â€Å"the horror†, through Marlow’s noble lie. It was already shown that Kurtz’s wife lived in an illusionary world, this, combined with Marlow lying to her when she asked for Kurtz’s last words, shows that what Kurtz saw of Europe, a horror, was the truth. Conveniently, Marlow’s act of not shattering Kurtz’s wife’s illusion contrasts with his support of Kurtz, which caused him to seem vile, thus making it impossible to legitimately argue that Marlow is wholly good or bad, only that he is right. Marlow, through his experiences and actions, is depicted as a moral ambiguity and this ambiguity is the tool with which Joseph Conrad develops his theme of European corruption on other peoples and places. Marlow participates in the heinous European expedition yet his opinion of the events he sees are negative thus demonstrating the corrupting influence of Europe, and his actions, which present him as both enlightened and morally ambiguous, also emphasizes the corrupting influence of Europe through the expression of his opinion. Ironically, his ambiguity is symbolic of the ambiguity of the Europeans themselves in that go to other places, such as Africa, with intentions akin to enlightening the people they encounter but, despite the fact that they may succeed in enlightening those people, they corrupt them as well.

The Increasing Need For Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay

The Eastern Cape Appropriate Technology Unit ( ECATU ) nucleus map is support Government policy aims in the country of socio -economic development and poorness obliteration by be aftering funding and transporting out undertakings associating to allow engineering in all development Fieldss in the state Undertake research and development of bing and proposed engineerings in the public and private sectors into any field of rural development and poorness obliteration. Provide proficient advice, where necessary, to authorities on inventions to back up policy and determination devising Promote sustainable development techniques and methodological analysiss The Entity focuses on bettering the quality of life for rural communities, without increasing the usage of natural resources beyond the capacity of the environment to provide them indefinitely. ECATU besides operates in line with the Millennium Development Goals, for illustration: Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poorness and hungriness Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower adult females Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a planetary partnership for development Sustainable development may specify as development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their demands The Entity utilizes alternate sustainable engineerings in the edifice, H2O, energy and nutrient security sectors -household gardens and community agriculture. For this undertaking the chief focal point will be on agricultural activities the Entity undertakes with rural communities. The widespread inequality and crunching poorness impacting half of the population in the South Africa ‘s Eastern Cape consequences in unequal and unstable nutrient supply, hapless nutrition and weak exigency nutrient direction systems Inadequate societal safety cyberspaces, high unemployment and high prevalence of HIV/AIDS farther exacerbate nutrient insecurity. The chronic deficiency of nutrient security experienced by more than a 3rd of the state ‘s population further high spots severe, endangering inequalities in South African society The nutrient programme increases the capacity of the beneficiary communities by supplying them with preparation and support for sustainable nutrient horticulture. Those trained are so expected to each train and impart support to five other families in set uping vegetable gardens. In this mode, wider community is promoted. Training is based on environmentally friendly rulesSustainability HazardsEnergyEnergy deficits have increased the monetary value of production, therefore increasing nutrient monetary values in for communities. Planting has become expensive therefore the community is unable to works.WaterThe deficiency of sustainable agribusiness harms the environment by sucking rivers, lakes and belowground H2O beginnings dry, increasing dirt salt and thereby destructing its quality, and by rinsing pollutants and pesticides into rivers that in bend destroy downstream ecosystems such as corals and engendering evidences for fish in coastal countries. Insufficient nutrient production and harmful agribusiness subsidies are doing deforestation, H2O deficits and pollution. The chief causes are: – leaky irrigation systems, uneconomical field application methods, pollution by agri-chemicals and cultivation of thirsty harvests non suited to the environment. The waste and pollution of H2O is made worse by misdirected subsidies, low public and political consciousness of the crisis, and weak environmental statute law. The agricultural sector is the largest consumer of H2O resources, and variableness in H2O supply has a major influence on wellness and public assistance in hapless countries. With H2O scarceness and utmost conditions events expected to increase under climate alteration, H2O security could worsen significantly in rural countries. Consequently, it is of import to understand the impacts of planetary alteration ( in footings of clime, human ecology, engineering, and so on ) on agribusiness and natural resources our developing state.Unpredictable conditions conditionsAdverse conditions conditions, peculiarly the heavy rains delay harvest home and Vegetables like will be in short supply, so their monetary values will besides lift. Increased vaporization and decreases in dirt wet could decline dirt eroding and related deposit, worsening a job disputing the agribusiness The degree of regional alteration in temperature and precipitation including variableness and extremes ( for example, late spring hoars, hail, storms, etc. ) ; the magnitude of the C dioxide fertilisation consequence on harvest output ; the ability of husbandmans to accommodate to potentially new clime conditions ( e.g. , holding H2O and/or irrigation installations available ) ; dirt restrictions that could forestall some harvests from being able to take advantage of a warmer clime ; and the province of the planetary market ( e.g. trade good monetary values and entree to planetary markets ) However, the impact of each or all of these factors is hard to foretell because they are extremely interconnected with other biological and socioeconomic ( including authorities policies ) factors.PollutionPollution is an environmental job disputing harvest agriculture, could decline with the effects of clime alteration. The agribusiness industry is already lending to pollution in T through the usage of pesticides, ensuing in bio-accumulation of these substances. Higher temperatures are besides likely to let the endurance of plagues that usually do non defy cold winters, ensuing in extra menaces to harvests and farm animal and the heightened demand for pesticides. Using these pesticides has the potency of making extra environmental concerns.HIV/AIDSSince most agricultural activities take topographic point in rural countries, where husbandmans chiefly utilizing labour intensive techniques live, and have been much vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, it has resulted into diminution of agricultural production in general, and nutrient production in peculiar. Many communities whose beginning of income, nutrient and general support is agriculture have registered negative growing due to HIV/AIDS. A figure of factors, all related with HIV/AIDS explain the general pattern/trend of reduced agricultural production such as depletion of labour force and increased work load due to increased dependence load, loss of accomplishments and cognition, and income break. AIDS undermines agricultural systems, affects the nutritionary state of affairs and nutrient security of rural households. Families face worsening productiveness every bit good as loss of cognition about autochthonal farming methods and loss of assets ( Focus, 2001 ) . Labor intensive farming systems with a low degree of mechanisation and agricultural input are peculiarly vulnerable to AIDS. Given the fact that AIDS is concentrated among the 15 – 45 old ages old, who are most able bodied, so agribusiness suffers most in footings of production and market for the accruing merchandises.Sustainability OpportunitiesEnhancing the Carbon Sink FunctionSignificant sums of CO2 can be removed from the ambiance and stored in dirts through a scope of farming patterns, such as organic agriculture, zero or decreased cultivated land systems that avoid or cut down dirt perturbation, turning protein harvests, and transition of cultivable land to grassland. Organic agribusiness does non foul watercourses with nitrates or toxicants, it doubles C segregation, it is more efficient, both in H2O and non-solar energy footings and it improves biodiversity.Supplying Renewable Resources for Bio-energies and Bio-productsBio-energies produced from agricultural biomass can replace other emanation intensive energy beginnings, such as fossil fuels. Increased engagement of husbandmans in turning energy harvests for bio-fuels, little power Stationss or for farm combined heat and power workss. An addition for usage of renewable agricultural resources in industry such as agro-materials, bio -plastics and bio-chemicalsEnhanced Research and Development in Agricultural MethodologiesSoil Conservation: Farmers ‘ specific version options listed in this class include mulching, planting of screen harvests, using fertiliser and organic manure. Changing Planting Dates: This covers early planting and late planting options. Changing Cultivated land Operationss: The options in this class are utilizing minimal cultivated land operations, full cultivated land operation and excavation ridges across inclines in the farm against eroding. Planting Autochthonal Trees: This specifically involves seting trees in the farm to function as shadiness against rough temperature. Irrigation: As the name implies, it involves providing H2O to the farm. The informal type is used here.Carbon TradingProvides a strong fiscal inducement to cut down energy ingestion it is an easy and powerful tool for authoritiess to drive emanations down civilization Pull offing emanations is one of the fastest-growing sections in fiscal services.Water Recycling and Rain Water HarvestingThe Free Basic Water – every family in South Africa is entitled to a free 6 000 liters ( 6 M3 ) per month ( for domestic usage: imbibing, cookery and hygiene ) Much of the domestic H2O can be recycled at a family degree and used to turn nutrient. Soap and other drosss can be removed through flocculation and gravitation fed sand filtration. A current research undertaking is developing, â€Å" Guidelines for sustainable usage of gray H2O in small-scale agribusiness and gardens in South Africa † In add-on to supplying a reliable, locally-controlled H2O supply, H2O recycling provides enormous environmental benefits. By supplying an extra beginning of H2O, H2O recycling can assist us happen ways to diminish the recreation of H2O from sensitive ecosystems.Hazard Assessment-QualitativeProbabilityVery High – occurs more than twice a month High – occurs one time every three months Medium – occurs one time every nine months Low – occurs one time every twelvemonth Very Low – occurs one time every three old agesIntensityHigh – impact is regional Medium – local impact over a period of months Low – limited to site and easy returned to normal1=Energy, 2=Water, 3=Adverse Weather Conditions, 4=Pollution, 5=HIV/AIDSHigh Medium Low 1 Very High Hydrogen Hydrogen Meter 2 High Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen 3 Medium Hydrogen Meter Meter 4 Very Low Meter Meter Liter 5 Low Hydrogen Meter Meter The Entity adheres to two pillars of the ternary underside line, viz. the Economic Sustainability, Social Sustainability. It does non hold schemes to mensurate and supervise the impact on the environmental resources. A scheme to step and proctor impacts and to implement systems to guarantee that resources are used in a sustainable mode and that negative impacts are reduced or minimized and uninterrupted betterment is achieved demands to be developed An audit was done on the communal agricultural sites, presently the sites there is no monitoring of sustainability patterns or the sum of resources used or generated, such as H2O, energy, waste and pollutants. Post the environmental audit the Entity will follow an environmental and societal direction system.-EMS as this is an of import tool to guarantee that Entity undertakings are complaint with regulative and entity demands and cognizing the impacts it has on society. This will assist concentrate the Entity on precedences for all actions and will function as a model for seting thoughts into pattern.Sustainability Management Tool -Cradle to SculptThe traditional manner to turn to environmental jobs was to concentrate on a works or a site of production and most frequently on one peculiar pollutant. However, this attack frequently leads to job shifting, either from one phase of the life rhythm to another or from one environmental job to another, merely by change overing the pollution into another signifier. In order to minimise the environmental impacts of a merchandise or a service, one needs to compare the overall ( â€Å" cradle-to-grave † ) environmental efficiency ( impact per k g [ kg ] of merchandise or per unit of service ) of different ways of bring forthing it and for a comprehensive scope of environmental jobs. Covering the whole life rhythm of a merchandise besides allows placing the hot musca volitanss where most additions can be achieved with least attempt and costs. Life rhythm Assessments Life Cycle Assessment ( LCA ) is a quantitative method used to mensurate the energy and stuff flows associated with all phases of a merchandise from cradle to sculpt. The application of LCA to agricultural and nutrient production processes is get downing to increase. LCA to maintain the entireness of the system in head when sing the sustainability of certain constituents. This involves sing all of the procedures associated with the production of the harvests. Life rhythm believing merely adds another dimension to our position of the agricultural system as a whole. In LCA surveies the full production system should be considered, i.e. for harvest production systems the analysis includes non merely the on-field activities, but besides all impacts related to the production of natural stuffs ( minerals, fossil fuels ) and farm inputs like fertilisers, works protection substances, machinery or seeds. The LCA method will measure the impact of emanations and resource ingestion associated with harvest production on the undermentioned environmental effects: depletion of a biotic resources, land usage, clime alteration, toxicity, and acidification, In order to enable decisions on the overall environmental impact of alternate harvest nutrition systems, an collection process to cipher indexs for resource depletion ( RDI ) To guarantee future sustainable harvest agriculture below are some patterns that may help in accomplishing sustainable development.Safeguard natural resourcesProtect the unity of water partings, wetlands and grazing lands to continue ecosystem services and biodiversity. Invest in engineerings and techniques to advance water-use efficiency, such as improved irrigation systems, preservation agribusiness and better H2O allotment systems. Retain dirt wet, construct up dirt organic affair and prevent eroding by using techniques such as preservation cultivated land, alimentary direction and the usage of renewal Facilitate drought-preparedness and extenuation through appropriate engineerings, including usage of remote detection, local conditions prediction, drought-tolerant harvests, early warning information systems, improved irrigation engineerings ( based on works demands through evapo-transpiration ) , fertilisation techniques and constructing the resiliency of rural communitiesShare cognitionCreate international programmes to portion best patterns for the acceptance by husbandmans of bing water-efficient engineerings by doing them more low-cost, accessible and efficient in usage. Promote the usage of pilot undertakings and presentation secret plans and develop â€Å" develop the trainers † programmes for wider airing of cognition. Use Integrated Crop Management ( ICM ) best patterns ( notably by deploying the right food and other inputs, at the right rate, right clip and in the right topographic point to better alimentary consumption and prevent N and phosphate overflow or escape to waterways ) Encourage improved cropping systems ( e.g. the usage of screen harvests and appropriate harvest rotary motion methods, such as nitrogen-fixing leguminous plants ) , cultivation patterns ( e.g. by restricting fallow periods and cut downing cultivation ) and soil-quality patterns to increase overall resource productiveness and protect dirt wet. Provide entree to information through â€Å" schools on the air † improved media usage, and nomadic phones. Build local entree and capacity Invest in infrastructure-building of appropriate, efficient irrigations and fertilisation systems. Repairing the worst leaks in irrigation channels or puting in low-volume and low-pressure micro irrigation ( such as trickle and micro-sprayers ) will convey immense nest eggs. Modest H2O storage can enormously better outputs in rain-fed agribusiness. Pumping H2O into natural aquifers is much cheaper than edifice dikes, as it prevents waste of H2O through vaporization. Protect cropsProtect CropsReduce H2O usage by understating pre- and post-harvest losingss. Support attempts to heighten nutrient quality and safety and to cut down waste along the nutrient concatenation through to end-consumers. Improve safety proving for food-handling and processing equipment, every bit good as storage techniques, conservation-chain systems ( cold concatenation, desiccation, drying ) and transit substructure.Enable entree to marketsBuild substructure that allows merchandise to be stored safely and moved to market expeditiously to cut down waste. Establish market wagess for utilizing sustainable agricultural patterns and acknowledge husbandmans ‘ critical function in supplying ecosystem services. Support husbandmans ‘ organisations, enabling them to run as aggregating bureaus conveying together single husbandmans to better entree to fiscal mechanisms, support and C markets.Prioritize research jussive moodsInvest in R & A ; D aimed at scaling up a wide scope of new H2O efficiency engineerings and patterns. Develop clime information services and early warning systems, every bit good as best possible estimations of conditions and clime impacts on harvest or eatage production, Promote partnerships between husbandmans and scientists to develop equal and fit-for-use engineerings every bit good as land and H2O direction tools where they are at a temporal and spacial graduated table utile for vulnerable rural communities. Better the capacity of a wide scope of harvests to turn in harsher climes, developing locally-adapted drought-tolerant, salinity-tolerant, and heat-tolerant. Science and modern engineering should be utilized to heighten autochthonal cognition that has sustained rural communities over the decennaries. Research and adapt best patterns from other developing states. In add-on the Entity must follow ISO 9000 quality confidence system in the undertakings they run because this criterion will supply a really utile extra counsel in nomenclature and apprehension and using QMS construct to their system. They mapped the ensuing system processes to demands identified in ISO 9001. They planned to seek enfranchisement to ISO 9001 to derive acknowledgment and credibleness from all stakeholders By accommodating The National LandCare Programme1999 which aims to hold communities and persons adopt an ecologically sustainable attack to the direction of the environment and natural resources, while bettering their quality of life. This means people use the dirt, H2O and flora resources in a responsible mode to guarantee that future coevalss will besides be able to profit from the same resources. LandCare is implementing incorporate attacks to natural resource direction which are efficient, sustainable and just. LandCare is a community-based programme supported by both the populace and private sector through series of partnerships South Africa has great policies and schemes in topographic point and is even a signer to the Kyoto protocol. The programme of action in traveling frontward should be crafting an execution program on how these policies are to be put into pattern by the ordinary adult male on the street to advance sustainable usage of natural resources.

Average SAT Subject Test Scores Complete List

Average SAT Subject Test Scores Complete List SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A 750 on an SAT Subject Test sounds like an amazing score, right? Not necessarily! Interpreting scores on the Subject Tests is more complex than it is on the general SAT. For example, an excellent score on the Literature Subject Test might look very different from an excellent score on the Korean with Listening Test. Let's take a look at the average scores for each SAT Subject Test, and go over what they mean as you choose which tests to take. Average SAT Subject Test Scores and Standard Deviations First, let's take a look at the SAT Subject Tests in terms of their mean scores, standard deviations, and number of students who took them. Overall, the average SAT Subject Test scores tend to be higher than the average scores on the general SAT since students who take the Subject Tests tend to be high academic achievers. I've listed the SAT Subject Tests in order from highest average score to lowest. I've also included the standard deviations, which indicate how scores are distributed along the curve.A low standard deviation means thatmost students scored near the mean, whereas ahigh standard deviation means that scores were scattered across a broad range. Check out the College Board data from the 2018 SAT Subject Tests in the chart below. Then, scroll down for a discussion of what all this data means for your own SAT Subject Test scores. SAT Subject Test Mean Score Standard Deviation # of Test Takers (2016-18) Literature 607 5 150,361 US History 640 108 178,258 World History 622 0 43,660 Math Level I 605 2 162,998 Math Level II 693 99 427,765 Ecological Biology 618 0 91,866 Molecular Biology 650 109 6,622 Chemistry 666 105 208,588 Physics 667 107 169,950 Chinese with Listening 760 66 13,173 French with Listening 668 4 3,819 German with Listening 618 121 1,297 Japanese with Listening 703 108 3,436 Korean with Listening 761 65 5,364 Spanish with Listening 662 106 6,937 French 628 124 18,725 German 620 134 1,875 Modern Hebrew 612 147 980 Italian 666 127 1,396 Latin 626 0 7,088 Spanish 647 2 51,808 Your test scores don't exist in a vacuum. Rather,your scores are compared against all the other students' scores who took the same tests. This comparison is shown as a percentile, which will be part of your score report. If you're in the 99th percentile, you scored better than 99% of students who took the test. Landing in the 50th percentile means you scored higher than half the students (and lower than the other half). With that in mind, does a higher mean score suggest that a Subject Test is easier? Read on for what you can infer about an SAT Subject Test from a high mean score and a low mean score. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Your SAT Subject Test scores don't exist in a vacuum. SAT Subject Tests With High Average Scores As you can see in the chart above, the Subject Tests with the highest average scores are Korean and Chinese, which both have listening components. It's safe to assume these tests aren't easy if you don't speak Korean or Chinese! But for people who do speak these languages, it seems that they are able to score very highly. The standard deviations for Korean and Chinese are both low, meaning that most students scored near the high means of 761 and 759, respectively. If you've studied Chinese or Korean but are not completely fluent, your personal high score of 650 or 700 will actually be in a pretty low percentile compared with everyone else who took the test. And if you're fluent and get 770, you might think it's an amazing score- but, actually, it's just average! So what should you take from this? Unless you're a fluent or native speaker, these Subject Tests are probably not for you. And even if you are a fluent speaker, you should still definitely take time to prep,as you'll have to achieve an almost perfect score to stand out from the pack. This advice pretty much holds true for all of the language tests, so don't get complacent even if you've been speaking the language your whole life. You still need to prepare to take advantage of this opportunity to showcase your language skills. Another SAT Subject Test with a high mean score is Math Level II, at 693. Student scores show a fairly low standard deviation of 99. These results suggest that students who take the Math Level II really excel in math.Indeed, the test requires a strong grasp of concepts, as well as some extra test prep, to achieve a high score and percentile. High average test scores mean that you'll have to aim for an extra high score to stand above and beyond everybody else. Now, let's take a look at low average SAT Subject Test scores. SAT Subject Tests With Low Average Scores One SAT Subject Test with an average score on the lower side tests a core subject that all students take in high school: literature. The mean score for the Literature SAT Subject Test is 607, and the standard deviation is almost double that for the Chinese Test. This indicates that some students scored a lot higher than the mean, and some scored a lot lower. The Literature Subject Test is a challenging test that requires you to put in some serious study time to do well on it. But it is definitely possible to break away from the average,and a score in the 700s will put you in a high percentile. To reiterate the point above, a score like 720 on the Literature test would be an excellent score, while a 720 on the Korean Test would be a good deal lower than average. Another Subject Test with a low mean score- in this case, just 605- is Math Level I. Compared to Math Level II, which has a far higher average of 693, it seems that those who take the Math Level I Test aren't typically as strong at math as are those who take the Math Level II Test. Find Target Scores for Your SAT Subject Tests By knowing these average scores and thinking about percentiles, you can set specific target scores for the different SAT Subject Tests you're planning to take. If you're deciding among several tests, try to aim for those with a medium to high standard deviation. If the test has a low standard deviation and thus less variance, your scores will look a lot worse if you underperform. Remember that schools are not using your Subject Test scores on an absolute scale but rather are considering how they compare with those of other students who took the test. This information of average test scores and standard deviations is important for understanding this comparison and forplanning your target scores and the percentiles they are likely to fall in. Generally speaking,a great SAT Subject Test score is one that's in at least the 80th percentile, while agood score is one that's around the 70th percentile. As our article on good SAT Subject Test scores indicates, percentiles can vary a lot for different SAT Subject Tests, so it's important to take this information into account as you set your target score for a specific test. Usually, regardless of what schools you're applying to, it's a good idea to aim for a Subject Test score in at least the 700s. Finally, you might want to try toresearch the average SAT Subject Test scores for the colleges you're applying to. Note, however, that most colleges don't report this information, so it's likely you won't find anything online. In this case, assume that you're going to be needing a score in at least the 70th percentile (80th-90th percentile for more selective schools). The Final Word: How to Prepare for SAT Subject Tests One step you can take as you prepare for the SAT Subject Tests is to check out our article on the easiest SAT Subject Tests. This guide further breaks down the data so you can see how it affects your choice of Subject Test. Secondly, make sure to prepare well for these tests,even if a subject is your best subject or you speak a language fluently. The College Board offersa helpful breakdown of the SAT Subject Tests along with some sample practice questions. Finally, schedule your Subject Tests at the end of the school year, whenyou're studying the subject and the content is still fresh in your mind. Since you'll be competing with high academic achievers, you want to put yourself in the best position to succeed. What's Next? Which SAT Subject Test should you take? You know that average scores and standard deviations are one criterion to consider when deciding which tests to take. Check out this article for what else you should think about when deciding on the best Subject Tests for you and your applications. Are you also studying for the SAT? Just as with the Subject Tests, you want to define your target scores and work toward achieving them. Check out this article to learn what makes a good score, a bad score, and an excellent score on the SAT. Are you leaning toward the ACT? This article breaks down the scores and helps you set goals for each section. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Marketing Research Report Writing Tips

Marketing Research Report Writing Tips Marketing Research Report Writing Tips In every career, report writing tips are taught. These teachings or lectures are given in the colleges. The students are given time to learn about the reports, ask questions and after they have passed they now get employed. Here they learn more tips and they even learn how to apply those that they learnt in the colleges. Marketing research report writing tips are mainly important tips that all the students should learn. This is because they need to know how to help the people who have business and they have not learnt about writing the reports. They also need to show those people how to market their products. The students therefore while in school are taught a number of tips about the writing the marketing research reports. Some of them are as follows. The students should be able to capture the reader’s attention by writing a headline that is powerful in the report. A powerful headline will give many people interest to look at the report. Another thing the students should give a good introduction. This way he will be able to communicate whatever he wants to say. Another thing is that the research should be organized. The readers will be able to read the organized work and they will not be able to let their minds wander because the work is organized therefore they are able to follow up the research. The research also should not have mistakes. Therefore when one is writing the research before he presets it he should go through the work so as to remove the mistakes. This is because if the employer finds a mistake in the research he may not be interested in reading the research therefore if you had aimed to help the company then that will not happen. You should not make your report complex. Keep it simple so that you do not make the reader to start wondering what some of the things mean. Let them get the meaning straight forward. Avoid so much repetition of words. Repeating of words will bore the reader therefore the students as well as employees should avoid this. Ensure that the report you write is believable. Do not give the reader a benefit of doubt. When the reader is reading he wants to see how sure you are in the report that you wrote. Therefore ensure that it is believable. In order to keep the attention of the reader as he goes through the report, personalize the report and use the word â€Å"you.† This will keep the reader listening to you as well as keep the reader reading the report. This way especially the employee will have given at list the best report and if he has done a good job then there will likely be a promotion for him. If you need writing assistance you can get Marketing research report help from professional academic writers who are hired by .

Research on two large regeneration schemes in London and one Essay

Research on two large regeneration schemes in London and one regeneration in Slough town centre, Berkshire - Essay Example (Greenwich council, 2007) The plain to project to regenerate the Greenwich peninsula is being led by the Greenwich council, the planning of the project was done by Meridian Delta Ltd and submitted to the council who approved the master plan, which will cost a staggering 5 billion sterling pounds and it is estimated to take 15 years before it is completed. (Greenwich council, 2007) The Greenwich council, granted the permission of regenerating the Greenwich peninsula to a group of consortium named Meridian Delta Ltd, the Anschutz Entertainment group and the national regeneration agency. The group is supposed build the proposed regeneration project of the area which will include; building new nursery, primary and secondary schools, Building modern health facility, improving the transport system, which will improve the employment opportunities of the local community. (Greenwich council, 2007) Anschutz entertainment group: one of the global leader in the sports and entertainment presenters in the world. The management owns and control many international famous and best venues, arenas and sports franchises. Meridian delta limited: this is a joint venture company which comprises of Lend Lease and the Quintain Estates & Development Plc, which was formed to specifically lead the regeneration of Greenwich Peninsula Quintain Estates and Development Plc: this is a major Britain development and property investment company that specializes in redevelopment, property acquisition and asset management in many property sectors. (Greenwich council, 2007) At present the Greenwich peninsula is considered as a derelict and contaminated. There is no any meaningful development. As Cllr. Chris Roberts of Greenwich council state, â€Å"the council is building a new community on peninsula, land that used to be derelict and contaminated† The Greenwich peninsula comprising of 300 acre is physically secluded land with gasworks which are in derelict and contaminated. In 1996 a

Economic Cycle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Cycle - Research Paper Example These fluctuations are what are referred as economic or business cycles and distinguish recessions from expansions. Recessions or depressions â€Å"are period of economic decline, expansion/boom of economic prosperity, and inclusive of the ebbs and flows of economic activity make up economic/business cycle† (Romer, â€Å"The Business Cycle†). Today, most economic experts tend to determine these cycles by identifying the turning and on-trend points through different methodologies like use of the level of output or level of output gap. Though economic cycles can be traced before WWII upon various economic crisis, much of the concept today adopted the classical work of Burns and Mitchell, who characterized them â€Å"as fluctuations of output around the growth path that occur with a frequency of three to five years† (Araujo 6). With a complete set of data for the period and greater understanding of the existing economic indicators, one could determine the amplitude and duration of the economic cycle, and the co-movement of economic activities involved when comparing several economies. Experts use economic indicators to forecast and explain the causes of the economic cycles. Considering there are recurrent seasons of booms and depressions, different events, policies and decisions applied or adopted by the involved parties must have occurred to either stimulate a shock or recovery after recessions. An economy is said to be at full employment when it achieves a level of production, when all the inputs to the production process are actively used, inflation remains constant, and output is within the normal range (Romer, â€Å"The Business Cycle†). Changes in factors that influence deviation from this normal production could trigger inflation and push the economy either beyond or below the full employment range to cause cycles in an economic performance. Below are the influencing factors; monetary policy, public spending, prising,